1991 |
Spine surgeons Craig Humphreys and Scott Hodges (H&H) meet at Loyola, where they are exploring spinal anatomy and kinematics with biomechanics researcher Dr. Avinash Patwardhan |
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1996 |
Dr. Humphreys joins Dr. Hodges in clinical practice |
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1999 |
H&H publish their first paper critical of fusion outcomes, after disappointing experience with revision surgeries |
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2000 |
H&H begin experimental work with lumbar motion technologies ![]() |
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2007 |
H&H publish first lumbar activity of daily living study First seven-patient clinical trial in South Africa ![]() |
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2010 |
Twelve-patient second clinical pilot in South Africa ![]() |
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2014 |
HH Spine LLC takes IP private |
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2016 |
Generation 2 development completed, taking advantage of refined instrumentation and surgical technique International Surgical SEZC acquires HH Spine LLC offshoring technology to the Cayman Islands Dr. Patwardhan joins International Surgical Board of Directors |
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2017 |
International Surgical gains Health Practice Commission approval to enroll third clinical pilot and completes Generation 3 development International Surgical completes $7.3 million Series A funding |
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2019 |
International Surgical completes enrollment of 70-patient third clinical pilot ![]() Publishes sitting assessment tool and additional biomechanical and motion paper |
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2020 |
International Surgical SEZC rebrands as 3Spine SEZC 3Spine completes $10.0 million Series B 3Spine forms US operating subsidiary 3Spine Management Company, Inc. Generation 4 Vitamin E antioxidant highly crosslinked PolyEthylene development completed, including implant, instrument, and manufacturing refinements Generation 4 receives Breakthrough Device Designation from FDA |
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2021 |
3Spine acquires NovoClinic Ltd. 3Spine publishes BalancedBack outcomes data 3Spine begins enrollment of 150 patient prospective real-world evidence fusion study in the United States |
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2022 |
3Spine completes $32M Series-C financing 3Spine becomes 3Spine, Inc. |
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